Citation Guide / Kaynakça Rehberi: Citation

What Is Citation?

A "citation" is the way you tell your readers that certain material in your work came from another source. It also gives your readers the information necessary to find that source again, including:

• information about the author
• the title of the work
• the name and location of the company that published your copy of the source
• the date your copy was published
• the page numbers of the material you are borrowing

Why should I cite sources?

Giving credit to the original author by citing sources is the only way to use other people's work without plagiarizing. But there are a number of other reasons to cite sources:

• citations are extremely helpful to anyone who wants to find out more about your ideas and where they came from
• not all sources are good or right -- your own ideas may often be more accurate or interesting than those of your sources. Proper citation will keep you from taking the rap for someone else's bad ideas
• citing sources shows the amount of research you've done
• citing sources strengthens your work by lending outside support to your ideas

Doesn't citing make my work seem less original?

Not at all. On the contrary, citing sources actually helps your reader distinguish your ideas from those of your sources. This will actually emphasize the originality of your own work.

When do I need to cite?

Whenever you borrow words or ideas, you need to acknowledge their source. The following situations almost always require citation:

• whenever you use quotes
• whenever you paraphrase
• whenever you use an idea that someone else has already expressed
• whenever you make specific reference to the work of another
• whenever someone else's work has been critical in developing your own ideas.

Source: https://www.plagiarism.org/article/what-is-citation  

In-Text Citations: An Overview

In-text citations are brief, unobtrusive references that direct readers to the Works Cited list entries for the sources you consulted and, where relevant, to the location in the source being cited.

An in-text citation begins with the shortest piece of information that di­rects your reader to the entry in the Works Cited list. It begins with whatever comes first in the Works Cited entry: the author’s name or the title (or descrip­tion) of the work. The citation can appear in your prose (your writing) or in parentheses.

Citation in prose

Naomi Baron broke new ground on the subject.

Parenthetical citation

At least one researcher has broken new ground on the subject (Baron).

Works Cited entry

Baron, Naomi S. “Redefining Reading: The Impact of Digital Communication Media.” PMLA, vol. 128, no. 1, Jan. 2013, pp. 193–200.

Citation in prose

According to the article “Bhakti Poets,” female bhakti poets “faced overwhelming challenges through their rejection of societal norms and values.”

Parenthetical citation

The female bhakti poets “faced overwhelming challenges through their rejection of societal norms and values” (“Bhakti Poets”).

Works Cited entry

“Bhakti Poets: Introduction.” Women in World History, Center for History and New Media, chnm.gmu.edu/wwh/modules/lesson1/lesson1.php?s=0. Accessed 20 Sept. 2020.

When relevant, an in-text citation also has a second component: if a specific part of a work is quoted or paraphrased and the work includes a page number, line number, time stamp, or other way to point readers to the place in the work where the information can be found, that location marker must be included in parentheses.

Parenthetical citations

According to Naomi Baron, reading is “just half of literacy. The other half is writing” (194). One might even suggest that reading is never complete without writing.

Reading at Risk notes that despite an apparent decline in reading during the same period, “the number of people doing creative writing—of any genre, not exclusively literary works—increased substantially between 1982 and 2002” (3).

The author or title can also appear alongside the page number or other loca­tion marker in parentheses.

Parenthetical citations

Reading is “just half of literacy. The other half is writing” (Baron 194). One might even suggest that reading is never complete without writing.

Despite an apparent decline in reading during the same period, “the number of people doing creative writing—of any genre, not exclusively literary works—increased substantially between 1982 and 2002” (Reading 3).

Works cited

Baron, Naomi S. “Redefining Reading: The Impact of Digital Communication Media.” PMLA, vol. 128, no. 1, Jan. 2013, pp. 193–200.

Reading at Risk: A Survey of Literary Reading in America. National Endowment for the Arts, June 2004.

All in-text references should be concise. For example, avoid providing the author’s name or title of a work in both your sentence and in parentheses.

Use shortened titles in parenthetical citations. See sections 6.10–6.14 of the ninth edition of the MLA Handbook for guid­ance on shortening titles in parenthetical citations.

For concision, do not precede a page number in a parenthetical citation with p. or pp., as you do in the list of works cited (where such abbreviations lend clarity). If you cite a number other than a page number in a parentheti­cal citation, precede it with a label such as chapter or section (often abbre­viated in parentheses) or line or lines (do not abbreviate). Otherwise, the reader can assume that the numeral refers to a page number.

 

2- In-Text Citations: What to Include and How to Style It

 

 

Source: https://style.mla.org/in-text-citations-overview/